Summary: Marx’s critique of capitalism
Marxist theory is the Enlightenment inspired paradigm which claims to reject the rationality of capitalist order.
In Marx’s view the irrationality of capitalism emerges from the ‘private’ appropriation of surplus produced by labour in the form of surplus value. Abolition of private property and market relations is necessary for eliminating alienation and the achievement of a state of abundance.
According to Marx capitalism is irrational because capitalist relation of production obstruct the achievement of abundance. The achievement of abundance is accepted as an objective by Marx.
Marx rejects the classical / neo classical analysis of capitalist relations of production as technical means for the maximization of efficient production.
The determination of exchange value (value for others) in markets has social foundations under capitalism. It gives labour a value form which ensures that needs can only be meet by producing value (for others) and appropriating value (produced by others). Abolition of this value form is transcending capitalism according to Marx.
The abolition of capitalist relations of production (the embodiment of labour in the value form) is necessary for the universalisation of freedom. Capitalist social relations constrain freedom by requiring isolated individuals to participate in the transformation of labour into the value form as the only means for the satisfaction of their needs. Capitalist relations are relations between: propertied and ‘propertyless’ (unequal and unfree) individuals.
Capitalist crises according to Marx reflect the production relation’s incompatibility with realizing abundance. This is because in capitalism production is a means for the generation of surplus value and not a means for the satisfaction of needs. Indeed according to Marx increased production of surplus value is usually accompanied by increased deprivation for the workers. The labour or looses his substantive freedom and equality by separation from and subjection to capitalist property.
In capitalist society the individual is not able or free to define his self interest because he is forced to transform his labour into values and is part of a class Capitalist institutions – property, money, etc. – are not natural / rational but designed to serve the interests of the bourgeoisie whose quest from maximizing surplus value creates increasing deprivation (unfreedom) for the proletariat.
Marx endorses the Enlightenment values of freedom and equality. He objects not to the production of surplus in ever increasing quantity but to its production in the form of value and surplus value. Marx is a materialist in that he accept an increase in production as the primary cause of the transformation of social relations. Marxism seeks an abolition of the market and the “private” appropriation of surplus value for the achievement of freedom and abundance.
There are many similarities between Marxist and liberal visions of the ideal society (see appendix 2). Despite his acceptance of the dialectical methods and much else in Hegelian theory Marx has often been seen as an individualist. In communism all collectivities – family, class, nation, state – wither away and the individual is complete master of nature. Enlightenment values are fully realized in communist society.
A socialist revolution leads to a restructuring of capitalism not to its overthrow. The plan takes the place of the market and private property is abolished by the state rather than by the financial markets (as in capitalism). Abolition of private property establishes the social hegemony of capitalism in both liberal and communist regimes.
Capital is not a stock of money nor a social process. It is the vice of takkathur, the universalization of avarice and covetousness. Both liberal and communist societies are dominated by jealousy and greed – i.e. by capital. Both liberalism and communism are routes to the some end – abundance and freedom the worship of desire and the proclamation of man’s sovereignty and his rebellion against God.
for full go here
In Marx’s view the irrationality of capitalism emerges from the ‘private’ appropriation of surplus produced by labour in the form of surplus value. Abolition of private property and market relations is necessary for eliminating alienation and the achievement of a state of abundance.
According to Marx capitalism is irrational because capitalist relation of production obstruct the achievement of abundance. The achievement of abundance is accepted as an objective by Marx.
Marx rejects the classical / neo classical analysis of capitalist relations of production as technical means for the maximization of efficient production.
The determination of exchange value (value for others) in markets has social foundations under capitalism. It gives labour a value form which ensures that needs can only be meet by producing value (for others) and appropriating value (produced by others). Abolition of this value form is transcending capitalism according to Marx.
The abolition of capitalist relations of production (the embodiment of labour in the value form) is necessary for the universalisation of freedom. Capitalist social relations constrain freedom by requiring isolated individuals to participate in the transformation of labour into the value form as the only means for the satisfaction of their needs. Capitalist relations are relations between: propertied and ‘propertyless’ (unequal and unfree) individuals.
Capitalist crises according to Marx reflect the production relation’s incompatibility with realizing abundance. This is because in capitalism production is a means for the generation of surplus value and not a means for the satisfaction of needs. Indeed according to Marx increased production of surplus value is usually accompanied by increased deprivation for the workers. The labour or looses his substantive freedom and equality by separation from and subjection to capitalist property.
In capitalist society the individual is not able or free to define his self interest because he is forced to transform his labour into values and is part of a class Capitalist institutions – property, money, etc. – are not natural / rational but designed to serve the interests of the bourgeoisie whose quest from maximizing surplus value creates increasing deprivation (unfreedom) for the proletariat.
Marx endorses the Enlightenment values of freedom and equality. He objects not to the production of surplus in ever increasing quantity but to its production in the form of value and surplus value. Marx is a materialist in that he accept an increase in production as the primary cause of the transformation of social relations. Marxism seeks an abolition of the market and the “private” appropriation of surplus value for the achievement of freedom and abundance.
There are many similarities between Marxist and liberal visions of the ideal society (see appendix 2). Despite his acceptance of the dialectical methods and much else in Hegelian theory Marx has often been seen as an individualist. In communism all collectivities – family, class, nation, state – wither away and the individual is complete master of nature. Enlightenment values are fully realized in communist society.
A socialist revolution leads to a restructuring of capitalism not to its overthrow. The plan takes the place of the market and private property is abolished by the state rather than by the financial markets (as in capitalism). Abolition of private property establishes the social hegemony of capitalism in both liberal and communist regimes.
Capital is not a stock of money nor a social process. It is the vice of takkathur, the universalization of avarice and covetousness. Both liberal and communist societies are dominated by jealousy and greed – i.e. by capital. Both liberalism and communism are routes to the some end – abundance and freedom the worship of desire and the proclamation of man’s sovereignty and his rebellion against God.
for full go here
posted by Alghazalians at 11:33 PM
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